Head of UN chemical weapons watchdog meets Syrian leader

The head of the world’s chemical weapons watchdog met Syria’s new leader Saturday, in a first visit to Damascus since the ouster of Bashar al-Assad, who was repeatedly accused of using such weapons during Syria’s 13-year civil war.

More than a decade ago, Syria agreed to hand over its declared stockpile for destruction, but the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has always been concerned that the declaration was incomplete and that more weapons remained.

With new authorities now in power, the OPCW visit has raised hope Syria will be conclusively rid of such weapons after years of delays and obstructions to the body’s work.

The Syrian presidency said leader Ahmed al-Sharaa and Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani had “received a delegation from the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons” led by Fernando Arias, the body’s chief.

The presidency also shared pictures of al-Sharaa and al-Shaibani shaking hands with Arias.

There has been widespread concern about the fate of Syria’s stockpile of chemical weapons since al-Assad’s dramatic overthrow at the hands of the opposition.

The OPCW has also expressed concern that valuable evidence may have been destroyed in intense Israeli strikes on Syrian army sites in the wake of his fall.

Israel has said its targets included chemical weapons to prevent them from falling into the hands of “extremists.”

In 2013, Syria agreed to join the OPCW and disclose and hand over its toxic stockpile under Russian and US pressure, and to avert the threat of airstrikes by Washington and its allies.

This came after a suspected chemical attack on the Ghouta suburb of Damascus that killed more than 1,000 people, according to US intelligence, and was attributed to the Syrian government, which denied involvement and blamed the opposition.

Despite insisting the use of chemical weapons was a red line, then-US president Barack Obama held back on retaliatory strikes, instead reaching a deal with Russia on the dismantlement of Syria’s chemical arsenal under UN supervision.

Fact-finding mission

Al-Assad’s government had long denied using chemical weapons.

But in 2014, the OPCW set up what it called a “fact-finding mission” to investigate chemical weapons use in Syria, subsequently issuing 21 reports covering 74 instances of alleged chemical weapons use.

Investigators concluded that chemical weapons were used or likely used in 20 instances.

In 14 of these cases, the chemical used was chlorine. Sarin was used in three cases and a mustard agent was employed in the remaining three.

In 2021, OPCW members stripped Syria of voting rights after a probe blamed Damascus for poison gas attacks carried out after they had claimed the stockpile was eliminated.

In November 2023, France issued international arrest warrants against al-Assad, his brother Maher and two generals on suspicion of complicity in the 2013 chemical attacks.