HMPV on the rise: What do we know and should we be scared?

There has been a growing buzz about Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that has been circulating widely. While not as well-known as COVID-19, the virus is gaining attention due to its symptoms and potential for widespread infections.

On Monday, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) confirmed detecting two cases of the disease in the southwest state of Karnataka during a routine monitoring of respiratory illnesses across the country.

What Is HMPV, and Why Does It Matter?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Similar to the flu or Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), HMPV is seasonal, typically peaking in winter and early spring.

HMPV vs. COVID-19: What’s the Difference?

Although HMPV and COVID-19 are caused by different viruses, they share notable similarities that might prompt concern.

• Symptoms: Both viruses can cause respiratory symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. HMPV symptoms often mimic those of COVID-19, particularly in vulnerable groups like young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
• Transmission: HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets, including those from coughing, sneezing, or close personal contact. It can also spread via contact with contaminated surfaces followed by touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.
• Seasonality: Both viruses are more active during colder months, with studies suggesting COVID-19 also exhibits seasonal behavior.

Reports of overcrowded hospitals and overwhelmed healthcare systems have fueled concerns about HMPV. Some experts warn that multiple viruses—including influenza A, HMPV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19—are circulating simultaneously, creating what some describe as a “perfect storm” of respiratory illness.

Despite these challenges, health experts urge the public not to panic. Staying informed and taking simple precautions can help protect against respiratory infections.

How to Protect Yourself From HMPV

To reduce the risk of contracting HMPV or other respiratory illnesses, experts recommend the following steps:

• Wash hands frequently: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap is unavailable.
• Cover coughs and sneezes: Use a tissue or the inside of your elbow to prevent spreading droplets.
• Wear a mask and avoid close contact with sick individuals: In public spaces, a mask can help reduce virus transmission. If you’re feeling unwell, stay home and limit contact with others.
• Avoid touching your face: Viruses commonly enter the body through the eyes, nose, or mouth.
• Isolate when sick: If you develop symptoms, isolate yourself to prevent spreading the virus.
• Take extra precautions if vulnerable: Individuals with preexisting lung conditions or weakened immune systems should consult a healthcare provider for additional protective measures.

Treatment and Vaccination

Currently, there is no vaccine for HMPV. Treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms, such as managing fever and ensuring adequate hydration.

The Bottom Line

Human Metapneumovirus is a common but often overlooked respiratory virus. While its symptoms are similar to those of COVID-19, it is important to stay informed and take preventive measures. Basic hygiene practices remain the most effective way to reduce the risk of respiratory infections.